Lung cancer is the second most common cancer among men and women in the United States, following prostate and breast cancer, respectively. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), nearly a quarter of a million people will be diagnosed with lung cancer in 2024, with approximately 125,000 fatalities expected. Most cases occur in individuals over 65, with very few diagnoses below 45.

Smoking: The Primary Culprit

Smoking is responsible for about 80% of lung cancer deaths. However, not all smokers develop lung cancer, indicating that genetics and other risk factors also play a role.

Non-Smoking Risk Factors

Non-smokers can develop lung cancer due to various environmental factors:

l Secondhand Smoke: Inhalation of tobacco smoke from nearby smokers.

l Air Pollution: Exposure to polluted air.

l Asbestos: A carcinogen used in building materials.

l Diesel Exhaust: Emissions from diesel engines.

l Radon: A radioactive gas found in rocks, soil and building materials.

Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. The ACS identifies several early symptoms to watch for:

l Persistent or worsening cough

l Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm

l Frequent infections like bronchitis and pneumonia

l Chest pain exacerbated by deep breathing, laughing or coughing

l Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite

l Fatigue, weakness or shortness of breath

l Wheezing or hoarseness

Medical experts advise consulting a doctor immediately if these symptoms appear, as early treatment is crucial.

The researchers emphasizes the importance of lung cancer screening, especially for individuals with a history of long-term smoking. According to the expert, the risk of lung cancer decreases significantly if one quits smoking. The expert advises that those who have been smoking cigarettes for an extended period, or who have previously smoked for a long time but have since quit, should consult their doctor about undergoing lung cancer screening. This is because early detection through screening greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.

Lung cancer remains a prevalent and deadly disease, but understanding its causes and recognizing the symptoms can save lives. Whether through quitting smoking or mitigating other risk factors, proactive measures and early detection are key to combating this serious health issue.