Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. While it affects individuals of all backgrounds, those with chronic conditions such as asthma, diabetes and heart disease face a higher risk of severe complications.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Individuals with asthma are at increased risk for severe respiratory complications during flu season. The influenza virus will exacerbate asthma symptoms, leading to:

l Increased Inflammation: The flu triggers an inflammatory response that worsens airway constriction.

l Higher Risk of Exacerbations: Flu infections lead to asthma exacerbations, resulting in increased use of rescue inhalers and potential hospitalization.

l Compromised Immune Response: Individuals with asthma may have a compromised immune response, making it harder for them to fight off infections.

Diabetes

Diabetes affects the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels and individuals with this condition are at higher risk for flu-related complications. The relationship between influenza and diabetes includes:

l Higher Risk of Severe Illness: Diabetic patients experience more severe influenza symptoms and complications, such as pneumonia and hospitalization.

l Blood Sugar Fluctuations: The stress of a flu infection leads to fluctuations in blood sugar levels, complicating diabetes management.

l Increased Infection Risk: Diabetes impairs immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections, including the flu.

Heart Disease

People with heart disease are also at heightened risk during flu season. The implications of influenza for those with cardiovascular conditions include:

l Increased Cardiac Cases: The flu triggers heart attacks or worsen existing heart conditions due to increased inflammation and stress on the heart.

l Hospitalization Risks: Patients with heart disease may require hospitalization for flu-related complications, including respiratory distress or worsening heart function.

As we are currently in the midst of the flu season, the following strategies are essential for preventing influenza and its complications, especially for people with chronic medical conditions: influenza vaccination, maintaining good hygiene practices, close monitoring of symptoms, regular consultation with healthcare providers and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. These measures help reduce the risk of infection and safeguard health.