Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) affecting millions worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were an estimated 87 million new cases of gonorrhea in 2016, highlighting its prevalence. This infection is particularly concerning due to its potential to cause severe health complications if left untreated, including pelvic inflammatory disease in women, infertility and increased susceptibility to HIV.

The symptoms of gonorrhea are various. Many individuals, especially women, may be asymptomatic, which contributes to the spread of the infection. When symptoms occur, they may include painful urination, increased vaginal or penile discharge and abdominal pain. In severe cases, gonorrhea leads to disseminated gonococcal infection, which affects joints and skin.

Gonorrhea is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. The bacterium may also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth, leading to complications such as gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns. The infection's high rate of transmission underscores the importance of understanding its biological markers. The presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected through nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which are highly sensitive and specific.

Preventing gonorrhea involves several strategies: practicing safe sex by using condoms, maintaining a mutually monogamous relationship and undergoing regular STI screenings. Public health initiatives aimed at education and awareness are crucial in reducing the incidence of gonorrhea.

In conclusion, gonorrhea remains a significant public health challenge globally. Its increasing resistance to antibiotics is alarming, making prevention and timely treatment essential. By promoting safe sexual practices and increasing awareness, we will combat this STI and protect individual and community health.