Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue and vary in size from very small to larger than a grapefruit. The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone, are believed to play a significant role in their growth. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors may also contribute.
Globally, uterine fibroids are a prevalent condition, affecting an estimated 20-50% of women of reproductive age. They can lead to various health issues, including heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain, and complications during pregnancy. In some cases, fibroids can lead to infertility or pregnancy loss, significantly impacting a woman's quality of life and emotional well-being.
Uterine fibroids are classified into several types based on their location:
Intramural Fibroids: These fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most common type.
Subserosal Fibroids: Located on the outer wall of the uterus, these fibroids may protrude from the surface.
Submucosal Fibroids: These grow just beneath the inner lining of the uterus and may cause significant bleeding.
Pedunculated Fibroids: These fibroids are attached to the uterus by a stalk and are either subserosal or submucosal.
Symptoms of uterine fibroids varies widely. Many women may be asymptomatic, while others may experience heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, frequent urination and discomfort during intercourse. Diagnosis typically involves pelvic exams, ultrasounds or MRI scans.
While uterine fibroids are often benign, they may cause considerable distress and require treatment. Options range from medication to manage symptoms to surgical procedures, including myomectomy or hysterectomy, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s reproductive plans. Awareness and understanding of uterine fibroids are crucial for effective management and support for affected women.
