MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease) and MASH (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis) are increasingly recognized liver conditions that pose significant health risks globally. According to the World Health Organization, liver diseases, including MASLD and MASH, affect millions, contributing to over 1.5 million deaths each year. These conditions are linked to the accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage.

The primary causes of MASLD and MASH are metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet rich in sugars and fats and genetic predisposition significantly contribute to the development of these conditions. Symptoms can be subtle or absent in the early stages, but as the disease progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, abdominal discomfort and jaundice. In severe cases, MASH may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure, underscoring the importance of early detection and management.

Biomarkers for MASLD and MASH include elevated liver enzymes, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which indicate liver inflammation. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans and MRI can help assess liver fat content and fibrosis. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for definitively diagnosing MASH.

Preventive measures focus on lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity and managing weight. Early intervention is crucial to reduce the risk of progression to more severe liver disease. In summary, understanding MASLD and MASH is vital for promoting liver health and preventing serious complications. Awareness and proactive managementmay lead to better health outcomes and improved quality of life.