In 2024, the world faced a daunting public health challenge as a global outbreak of mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, swept across multiple continents. This infectious disease, previously confined to parts of Africa, had now emerged as a global health emergency, prompting a coordinated international response.

The mpox outbreak was first detected in early 2024, with cases rapidly escalating in various regions. Characterized by a distinctive rash, fever and flu-like symptoms, the virus spread through close physical contact and contaminated surfaces. Health authorities quickly mobilized to track the transmission and implement containment measures.

One of the key factors contributing to the outbreak's severity was the lack of widespread immunity. Mpox had not previously been a major global concern and many populations had little or no prior exposure to the virus. This allowed it to gain a foothold and spread rapidly across borders. Additionally, the easing of COVID-19 restrictions in many parts of the world may have played a role in facilitating the mpox transmission.

In response to the growing crisis, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened emergency meetings and declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in April 2024. This designation triggered a coordinated global effort to combat the outbreak, with countries sharing information, resources and best practices.

Governments and WHO have spared no effort in developing and distributing effective vaccines and treatments and have launched vaccination campaigns focusing on high-risk groups and essential workers. Robust contact tracing, quarantine protocols, international travel restrictions and enhanced border control measures have also been implemented to limit the spread of the virus. However, the Mpox epidemic continues to pose a major threat as the highly adaptable virus mutates, potentially increasing its transmissibility and virulence, prompting scientists and medical experts to continuously update their understanding and response strategies.

The early detection and rapid testing of mpox cases were crucial in this outbreak. Rapid and accurate identification of infected individuals allowed for swift isolation and contact tracing, which were vital in slowing the spread of the virus. Early detection enabled healthcare systems to allocate resources effectively and implement targeted interventions, ultimately mitigating the impact of the outbreak. Moreover, the availability of reliable and accessible testing mechanisms empowered individuals to seek medical attention promptly and take necessary precautions, further contributing to the control of the mpox outbreak.